Early experimental solid-state computers had as few as 130 transistors but used large amounts of diode logic. In terms of computer systems that consist of numerous integrated circuits, the supercomputer with the highest transistor count as of 2016 was the Chinese-designed Sunway TaihuLight, which has for all CPUs/nodes combined "about 400 trillion transistors in the processing part of the hardware" and "the DRAM includes about 12 quadrillion transistors, and that's about 97 percent of all the transistors." To compare, the smallest computer, as of 2018 dwarfed by a grain of rice, had of the order of 100,000 transistors. Wafer-scale design of 84 exposed fields (dies)ĭual-die SoC entire M2 Ultra is a multi-chip module Stacked package of sixteen 232-layer 3D NAND dies The highest transistor count GPU is Nvidia's H100, built on TSMC's N4 process and totalling 80 billion MOSFETs. The highest transistor count in a consumer microprocessor is 134 billion transistors, in Apple's ARM-based dual-die M2 Ultra system on a chip, which is fabricated using TSMC's 5 nm semiconductor manufacturing process. It has 2.6 trillion MOSFETs in 84 exposed fields (dies) on a wafer, manufactured using TSMC's 7 nm FinFET process. The highest transistor count in a single chip processor is that of the deep learning processor Wafer Scale Engine 2 by Cerebras. However, being directly proportional to the area of a chip, transistor count does not represent how advanced the corresponding manufacturing technology is: a better indication of this is the transistor density (the ratio of a chip's transistor count to its area).Īs of 2023, the highest transistor count in flash memory was Micron's 2 terabyte ( 3D-stacked) 16-die, 232-layer V-NAND flash memory chip, with 5.3 trillion floating-gate MOSFETs ( 3 bits per transistor). The rate at which MOS transistor counts have increased generally follows Moore's law, which observed that the transistor count doubles approximately every two years. It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity (although the majority of transistors in modern microprocessors are contained in the cache memories, which consist mostly of the same memory cell circuits replicated many times). IEEE, 2014.The transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or "chip"). "High-k/metal gates in the 2010s." Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC), 2014 25th Annual SEMI. "A 28nm poly/SiON CMOS technology for low-power SoC applications." VLSI Technology (VLSIT), 2011 Symposium on. "Performance elements for 28nm gate length bulk devices with gate first high-k metal gate." Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on. "Competitive and cost effective high-k based 28nm CMOS technology for low power applications." Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2009 IEEE International. "High performance bulk planar 20nm CMOS technology for low power mobile applications." VLSI Technology (VLSIT), 2012 Symposium on. "A highly manufacturable 28nm cmos low power platform technology with fully functional 64mb sram using dual/tripe gate oxide process." VLSI Technology, 2009 Symposium on. Samsung foundry solution for 32 & 28 nm. This list is incomplete you can help by expanding it. The Common Platform Alliance is a joint collaboration between IBM, Samsung, GlobalFoundries, Toshiba, NEC, STMicroelectronics, Infineon Technologies, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Renasas
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